37.(36分)“教育是一个民族最根本的事业”——邓小平(2016北京高考文综真题及答案)材料一 董
37.(36分)“教育是一个民族最根本的事业”——邓小平(2016北京高考文综真题及答案)
材料一 董仲舒按人性把人分为上中下三个等级,占人口多数的“中民”是教育的主要对象。他主张设立各级学校,教授儒家经典,将他们培养为“笃于礼薄于利”“以天下为忧”的君子,以使得“教化大行,天下和洽”。
古罗马教育家昆体良(35-98年)认为,学校教育优于家庭教育,培养演说家是公民教育的重要目标。他还认为,完美的演说家“不仅要有超群的演说天赋,还要有完美的品格”“能尽公民之义务,能在公私事务中完成使命,能以终稿引导国家,能以立法奠定其雄厚基础”。
(1)阅读材料一,概括董仲舒和昆体良教育主张的相同点。(8分)
参考解答
答案:(1)相同点:教育的主要对象不是全体民众;学校教育是培养人的重要方式;教育要培养品德高尚的人;人才要为国家服务。
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