What literary movements dominated the periods imme

正确答案：Transcendentalism dominated the periods immediately before the American Civil War and realism dominated after the American Civil War.Political and social events influence writers in both theme and technique. The factory defeated the farm and the United States headed toward capitalism. The Civil War marked a change in the quality of American life in fact of American moral values.In post-bellum America commerce took the lead in the national economy. By 1880 half the population in the east lived in towns and movement away from the farm became obvious. Increasing industrialization and mechanization of the country now in full swing after the war soon produced extremes of wealth and poverty.Added to this was the fact that the frontier was closing. The worth of the American dream the idealized romantic view of man and his life in the New World began to lose its hold on the imagination of the people. Beneath the glittering surface of prosperity there lay suffering and un-happiness. Disillusionment and frustration were widely felt. What had been expected to be a 'Golden Age' turned out to be a 'Gilded' one.As a literary movement realism came in the latter half of the nineteenth century as a reaction against 'the lie' of romanticism and sentimentalism. It expressed the concern for the world of experience of the commonplace and for the familiar and the low. With Howells James and Mark Twain active on the scene realism became a major trend in the seventies and eighties in the nineteenth century.
TranscendentalismdominatedtheperiodsimmediatelybeforetheAmericanCivilWarandrealismdominatedaftertheAmericanCivilWar.Politicalandsocialeventsinfluencewritersinboththemeandtechnique.Thefactorydefeatedthefarm,andtheUnitedStatesheadedtowardcapitalism.TheCivilWarmarkedachange,inthequalityofAmericanlife,infact,ofAmericanmoralvalues.Inpost-bellumAmerica,commercetooktheleadinthenationaleconomy.By1880,halfthepopulationintheeastlivedintowns,andmovementawayfromthefarmbecameobvious.Increasingindustrializationandmechanizationofthecountry,nowinfullswingafterthewar,soonproducedextremesofwealthandpoverty.Addedtothiswasthefactthatthefrontierwasclosing.TheworthoftheAmericandream,theidealized,romanticviewofmanandhislifeintheNewWorld,begantoloseitsholdontheimaginationofthepeople.Beneaththeglitteringsurfaceofprosperitytherelaysufferingandun-happiness.Disillusionmentandfrustrationwerewidelyfelt.Whathadbeenexpectedtobea'GoldenAge'turnedouttobea'Gilded'one.Asaliterarymovementrealismcameinthelatterhalfofthenineteenthcenturyasareactionagainst'thelie'ofromanticismandsentimentalism.Itexpressedtheconcernfortheworldofexperience,ofthecommonplace,andforthefamiliarandthelow.WithHowells,James,andMarkTwainactiveonthescene,realismbecameamajortrendintheseventiesandeightiesinthenineteenthcentury.